Coke-oven.



No. 769,246. PATENTBD SEPT. 6, 1904.

J. H. BOWLING.

COKE OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22, 1902. NO MODEL.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

w. rmzooea I I M m M ML amw N0.ve9 ,24e. j PATBNTBD SEPT. e, 1904.

J. H. BOWLING.

COKE OVEN.

APPLIOATIO'N FILED MAY 22, 1902.

N0 MODEL.

wit neoam No. 769,246. 4 PATENTED SEPT. 6, 1904.

' J. H. BOWLING.

COKE OVEN.

APPLIOATiON FILED MAY 22, 1902. '10 MODEL. 7 v 5 SHEETS-SHBET 3.

No. 769,246. PATENTED SEPT. 6', 1904.

J. H. BOWLING.

GOKE OVEN. APPLIGATION FILED MAY-22, 1902.

Snoeufon No. 769,246. PAT-EDITED SEPT. s, 1904.

J. H. BOWLING.- COKE OVEN.

v A1PLIGA'I'ION FILED MAY 22, 1902.

N0 MODEL. 5 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

- "l .i 1 V W w 5 13 g W 1 WWW aiwzutoz WM q W 22 UNITED STATES Patented September 6, 1 864.

JASPER H. BOWLING, OF OZONE, TENNESSEE.

COKE-OVEN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 769,246, dated September 6, 1904.

Application filed May 22, 1902.

To all whom it ,may concern:

Be it known that I, J ASPER H. BOWLING, a citizen of the United States, residing at Ozone, in the county of Cumberland and State of Tennessee, have invented a new and useful Improvement in (Joke-Ovens, of which the fol lowing is a specification, reference-being had to the accompanying drawings.

My invention 'relatesparticularly to what are known as beehive coke-ovens.

The object of my invention is to provide for a uniform heating of the bed of coal which is being coked and to provide convenient and effective mechanism for utilizing the gases resultingfrom the coking process and for elimi' I nating and saving by products from such gases.

ducting of the gaseous products during a portlon of the stage of coking from one oven into passages beneath an adjacent oven and burn:

ing such gaseous products while passing beneath said ad acent oven forthe purpose of heating the latter oven. 7

Broadly speaking, these steps of operation above recited have been heretofore described by others.

My present invention does not relate to an improved method, but to an improved me chanical construction.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of an apparatus embodying my improvement. Fig. 2 is, a plan of the same apparatus. Fig. 3 is a plan and partial section of a portion ofa batteryof ovens, enlarged, with reference to Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a vertical sectionof an oven through its door. Fig. 5 is a vertical section, the upperportion being'on the line 5 5 and the lower portion being on the line 5 5 of Fig. 6. Fig. 6 is a horizontal, sectional view illustrating in detail the passages beneath the ovens. Figs. 7,

My improved construction permits the con-.

Serial No. 108,472. (No model.)

i 8, and 9 illustrate details of the tiles used in forming the passages beneath the ovens.

erably arranged in twoparallel rows,as,shown bythe drawings. substantially like all the others. In some instances" it may be desirable to vary the relative location of the parts in the ovens located at the ends of the battery. The general description of one pair of ovens is applicable to all. A retaining-wall 1 extends around the battery of .ovens. Said wallrests upon a foundation 2. From the level of the upper portion of said foundation the spac'e-inclosed by said foundation is preferably filled with a bed of sand 8, which serves toreduce the loss of heat from the ovens supported upon said bed. The main bod y. or ring wall of the oven 4 ring wall is the floor 5, which also rests upon said bed 3. Said ring wall 1 supports the crown 6, and saidcrown supports the trundlehead 7. -Above said trundle-head and communicating with the latter. is a chute 8, provided with-a removable cover. 9. 'A pipe 10 also communicates withsaid trundle-head and has joined to its outer end a pipe 11, and the latter communicates with the descending pipe-flue 12, theconnection and operation of which will be hereinafter described. A-door 13 is located at one side of the oven, and in line with said door an opening 1 1 extends through the retaining-wall 1. The portion of .shown as being suppor'ted by arched bars 15.

At one side of the oven there is located beneath the floor 5 a horizontal main inlet flue 16 at right angles to the retaining-wall, which it penetrates, and parallel to said flue 16 and similar outlet'main flue 18. These flues are connected by a series of parallel flues 17 located at right angles to said flues 16 and 18.

the adjacent portion ,of the retaining-wall 1 and is provided where it extends through such wall with a suitable door 16 for the admission of air when the gases passing through said line are to be burned and to afford access to said retaining-wall above said opening is at the opposite side of the oven is located a- The ovens constituting a battery are pref- Each individual oven is I is supported upon said bed 3, and within said 'Each of said main flues 16 extends through I said flues for the removalof ashes. The opposite ends of said fines are closed. main fines 18"also extend through the retaining-wall 1 and are provided with similar doors 18. At their opposite ends said fiues 18 open in the fines 23 of the chimneys 23. With the exception that the flues 16are closed at their inner ends and the lines 18 communicate with the chimneys said main flues may be identical in construction. The lower portion of each may be constructed of brick, as shown in Fig. 5. Immediately above saidbrick portion are the cross-Hues, extending from one of the main lines to the other. Said crossflues are preferably so constructed as to completely occupy all of the space between said main flues, and said cross-fines are preferablyof such construction as will permit the largest amount of heat to be delivered from the gases in said cross-flues through the bottom of the oven to the end that the lower portion of the charge-to be coked shall be well and uniformly heated.

To adapt said floor to conduct the greatest amount-of heat, the walls of said fines and the portion of the fioor structure located above said fiues should be as thin as is consistent with'the strength necessary for supporting and manipulating the charge. I find that such strength and conductivity can be best at tained by the floor construction which 1 have illustrated.

Said cross-flues ar'e'constructed of the intermediate tiles 19 and end tiles 20. (Illustrated by Figs.-7 and 8.) Said tiles are preferably rectangular in cross-section and provided with telescoping ends, whereby tight and strong joints are made. Said tiles rest upon the bed of sand?) and are laid closely against each other in order that the meeting vertical walls of said tiles may support each other, whereby a maximum of strength is attained. The upper wall atone end of each tile 20 is cut away to form horizontal seats 20 for receiving and supporting one end of the plate-tile 21. Said plate-tiles are large enoughto extend from the ends of the tiles 20 across the main flue and rest upon-the brickwork at the opposite side of said main flue.

Upon the'level surface formed by the upper faces of the tiles 19 and 20 between the platetiles-21, are .placed floor-tiles 22; These are preferably arranged crosswise of the crossflues in order that each individualfloor-tile may be supported as far as possible by the vertical walls of the cross-flue tiles and edgewise upon saidtiles and with the joints of said floor-tiles alternating inthe adjoining rows, as shown in the upper left-hand oven in Fig. 8. This construction is adapted for the placing of a minimum of material between said crossfiuesand the=interior of the oven consistent with the-strength necessary for withstanding the weightand manipulation of a charge and with- The standing the heating and cooling incident to the operation of the oven.

At one end the inlet main flue 16communicates with the flue 12, already described as leading down from the pipes 10 and 11 from the adjacent oven. (See Fig. 5.) The main outlet-fiue 18 of the same oven, as already described, leads to the chimney 23. Thus we have a flue leading in single form from the interior of one oven to an adjoining oven and passing in multiple beneath said adjoining oven and thence in single form into a chimney.

An inspection of Figs. 4 and 6 will show that my peculiar construction exposes the largest possible floor area to contact with saidgases.

A gas-main 2 1 extends along each side of the battery of ovens, preferably a little above the doors, and a branch pipe 25 leads from the interior of each oven to'said main 2 1, and a cut-off valve 25 is preferablylocated in each of said branch pipes to the end that communication between any oven and the main may be cut off when desired. Said gasmain 2a also extends around one end of the battery of ovens (see Fig. 2) and is suitably joined to a main 26, leading to-suitable apparatus for eliminating by-products and impurities from gases and to a suitable gasholder. It is deemed unnecessary to illustrate and describe such eliminating and purifying apparatus and holder. for they do not constitute a part of this invention and are well known to the art. A gas-main 27, similar to the main 24, extends around the battery or ovens near the base of the latter, and

branch pipes 28 lead from said main 27 into Said branch pipes the main inlet-fines 16. 28 are provided with suitable cut-ofi' valves 28, whereby communication'between any main inlet-flue and the gas-main 27 may be cut off. A main 27 leads from saidholder into said main 27.

The operation is as follows: Assuming that all of the ovens of one battery are cold, but charged with coal ready for operation, then the charge in one of the ovens -for example, the oven A, Fig. 2-is ignited and allowed to burn approximately twenty-four hours, (if forty-eight-hour coke is to be made,) the cover or cap 9 of the chute 8 being during such period removed, so that the products of combustion may pass upward through the trundle-head 7 and said-chute into the atmosphere, the door 13 being open sufficiently for admission of air to support combustion. Said cap is then placed over said chute, so that the gaseous products can no longer pass upward through said chute, but are compelled to pass laterally through the pipes 10 and 11 and downward through the pipe or down-flue 12 into the main inlet-flue 16 of the oven B and from said main flue inparallcl streams through the parallel cross-fines 17 into the main outlet-flue 18 and along the latter into and upward through one of the flues 23 of the adjacent chimney 23. If so preferred, these gaseous products may be permitted to traverse the course just described without further combustion than'resultsv from theadmission of air through the door of the oven A; but it is preferable to admit air through the door 16 of'the main line 16 of said oven B and permit said air to mingle with said gaseous products and cause the complete combustion of said products while passing through said main fines and cross-flues to the end that the oven B covered. Then the valve 25 in the branch pipe 25 is opened to allow the gaseous products to pass from the interior of the oven B into the gas-main 24 and throughthe latter to the eliminating and purifying apparatus and the holder, hereinbefore *mentioned.

Thus the products of distillation'in the oven B are saved until the time has arrived for beginningtheoperation in the adjoining oven C, a period of approximately twenty-four hours. Then the cap or cover 9 is placed upon the chute 8'of the oven C and the cover-re-v moved from the chimney-flue of the oven C and the gaseous products made to pass through the flues beneath the ovenC, (by the-closing of the valve 25 of the oven 'B,') whereby the charge'in said oven becomes heated. 1

During the first period of operation upon a charge inthe oven G the chute 8 on said oven and the corresponding chimney-flue 23 are closed, and the gases-generated in said oven are Withdrawn through the gas-main, as already'described in connection with the'oven B. After said first period the gases from said oven 0 are passed on beneath the oven' D, whereby the operation upon the charge in the oven D is begun. Thus one oven after another is set into operation until the oven adjoining the one which was first set into operation is reached. In Fig. 2 the oven H is the last in the series; When operation upon-the first charge in the oven A was completed, said oven was recharged and a new charge operated upon by the heat remaining in the walls of the oven from the previous operation-and by heat produced through burning gas from the return gas-main 27. Thus each new charge in the oven A is'operated upon by the combustion of gas from said gas-main 27 until 'finally'all the ovens of the entire series have beensuccessively put into operation, and the ovenH at the beginning of the second period ofopthis time eration upon its first charge is ready to'de- 5 liver gases beneath the oven A. p

If so'desired, when making forty-eight-hour coke instead of starting'the entire series of ovens successively the alternate'ovens may be started simultaneously; but in that case all the gaseous products'of the first twenty-four hours in the alternate'ovens must be allowed to pass into the atmosphere and be lost. By starting the ovens successively or in series the gaseous products of the first twenty-four hours need be sacrificed from only the first oven.

' It is to be observed that during the first twenty-four hours of the operation, the period when theinterior of the' oven is in communication with the gas-mains, the gaseous prodnets of distillation are given off in the largest volumes and greatest variety. paratus and the method of operating provide Hence my apfor saving and utilizing the larger and more valuable portions-of said products.

If at any time duringthe firstperiod of operation upon a charge in any oven there is danger of overheating the branch gas-pipe 25, leading from said oven, the valve of said pipe should 'be closed and the cap 9 of said oven removed,'so as to allow the escape of gases from said oven into the atmosphere until such time as they are needed for heating 7 the bottom of the adjoining oven.

The gas stored in the holder may be returned through the mains 27 and 27 and ad-' mitted through the branch pipes 28 into the main flues 16 of any oven and' burned' under such'oven to any extent that maybe desired either in connection with or independently of the gaseous products of distillation coming from the last preceding oven of the same battery; If the last preceding oven should from any cause be out of operation, the gases from the holder may be used as asubstitute for the By means of my improved fioor construe gases which would becoming from the last tion and the arrangement of the main fiues I and cross-fines every portion of the floor'of' "I to the oven may be uniformlyheated and to any imparted'to the upper portlon'of the charge is not 'lostby conduction and radiation into the lower portion of the charge by reason of a degree necessary for causing the coking procthe relative coolness of the latter. This makes possi le more-rapid operation and also' makes possible the bringingof all portions of the charge to only such temperature as will transform the coal ijnto coke and avoid the formation of black-jack through insufficient heating at the bottom of the oven 'and forming an excess of ashes and cinder's' by excessive combustion at the topof thecharge;

When the operation upon-a charge has been completed, it is desirable to speedily cool the oven sufliciently for the withdrawal of the charge. By means of my peculiar construction and arrangement of main flues and crossflues beneath the oven by the opening of the door 16 a large volume of air can be speedily passed through said flues beneath the oven, whereby the temperature of the floor of the oven and the. lower portion of the charge is speedily reduced. This method of reducing the temperature of the charge obviates the necessity of introducing the large amount of water ordinarily introduced into beehive cokeovens for the cooling of the charge.

The portions of the main flues 16 and 18 extending below the level of the cross-fines 17 are adapted to receive ashes precipitated from the gaseous currents passing through said flues. Access for this purpose may be had through the doors 16 and 18. Since said flues are straight, said ashes may be with drawn by means of. a long-handled shovel or scraper. If ashes precipitate into the cross fines to an objectionable extent, they may be removed into one of the main flues by means of a blast of steam or air delivered from a pipe extended into the other main flue and having a lateral nozzle adapted to be directed into the cross-flues.

. An even flow of gases through the crossflues may be attained by partially closing the flues through which there may be an excessive flow of gases. This may be accomplished by means of brick or clay.

The door 13 should be some form of mechanical door permitting quick closing in order that the inflow of cool air may be immediately arrested after a charge has been drawn to the end that theinternal heat of the oven may be preserved, particularly the heat in the crown of the oven. When the door is promptly closed, the heat of the crown is radiated downward upon the new charge as fast as the latter is introduced. At the same time the charge receives the heat remaining in the bottom of the oven after the closing of the door. The average time from the drawing till the complete insertion of the new charge is approximately one hour. The preservation of the heat of the oven is considered so important that at times when there is a breakdown or a shortage of coal with which to make a new charge the old charge of coke is left smoldering in the oven for the purpose of keeping the interior of the oven heated until the new charge can be received. By using a door which can be quickly closed the charge may he removed the door promptly closed, and the heat of the oven retained for hours.

I claim as my invention 1. In a battery of beehive coke-ovens, the combination with an oven, of a substantially straight, horizontal main flue located adjacent to one side of and below the floor of said oven and communicating at one end with the exterior, a similar main flue located at theoppol site side of said oven, a chimney with which i said second flue communicates, a plurality of substantially straight and parallel cross-flues extending from thelirst-mentioned flue to the second, and a flue leading from the interior of an adjacent oven intosaid first-mentioned main flue, substantially as described.

2. In a battery of beehive coke-ovens, the combination with an oven, ot' a substantially straight, horizontal main flue located adjacent to one side of and below the floor of said even and communicating at one end with the exterior, a similar main flue located at the opposite side of said oven, a chimney with which said second flue communicates, a plurality of substantially straight and parallel cross-fines extending from the 1irstmentioncd flue to the second, and a flue leading from the interior of an adjacent even into said first-mentioned main flue, said main flues being of greater depth than said cross-fines, substantially as described.

3. In a battery of beehive coke-ovens, the combination with an even, of a substantially straight, horizontal main flue located adjacent to one side of and below the floor of said even and communicating at one end with the exterior, a similar main flue located at the opposite side of said oven, a chimney with which said second flue communicates, a plurality of substantially straight and parallel cross-flues extending from the first-mentioned flue to the second, and a flue leading from the interior of an adjacent oven into said first-mentioned main flue, said cross-fines being constructml of tile of rectangular cross-section and said main flues having their upper walls composed of plate-tiles resting by one edge upon the tiles which form said cross-flues, substantially as described.

4. In a beehive coke-oven, a floor structure comprising prismatic tiles arranged side by side to form parallel cross-flues, brick-shaped tile located upon said prismatic tiles, the tiles at the ends of said cross-flues having seats, 20, parallel main flues extending along the ends of said cross-flues and having their upper wall consisting of plate-tiles supported along one edge by said seats, 20, substantially as described.

5. A battery of beehive coke-ovens having flues beneath their floors, a ll ue extending from the coking-chamber of one oven to the floorflues of an adjacent oven, a similar flue extending from the interior of such oven to the floor-flues of a third oven, and so on with all the ovens, the last of said ovens being thus connected with the first, whereby said ovens are connected in a circuit, a gas-main located adjacent to said ovens, a valved gas-pipe leading from the interior of each oven into said gas-main, a second gas-main located adjacent to said ovens, and a valved gas-pipe I into the main flue of each oven,

as described.

leading from said second gas-main into the floor-fines of each oven, substantially as described.

6. In a battery of beehive coke-ovens, the combination with an oven, of a substantially straight, horizontal main flue located adjacent to one side of and below the floor of said oven and communicating at one end with the exterior, a similar main flue located at the opposite side of said oven, a chimney with which said second flue communicates, a plurality of substantially straight and parallel cross-flues extending from the first-mention ed flue to the second, a flue leading from the interior of an adjacent oven into said first-mentioned flue,

a gas-main located adjacent to said ovens, a

valved gas-pipe leading from the interior of each oven into said main, a second gas-main located adjacent to said ovens, and avalved gas-pipe leading from said second gas-main substantially 7. In a beehive coke-oven, provided with parallel main flues, afloor structure comprising prismatic tiles arranged side by side to form parallel cross-fines connecting said main flues, and brick-shaped tile located upon said prismatic tiles, substantially as described,

8. In a beehive coke-oven, provided with parallel main flues, a floor structure comprising prismatic tiles arranged side by sideto 7 JASPER BOWLING. Witnesses:

i ALBERT C. JACKSON,

H. G. GARNER. 

